Shrek
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This প্রবন্ধ is about the first শ্রেক film. For the franchise, see শ্রেক (franchise). For the শিরোনাম character, see শ্রেক (character). For other uses, see শ্রেক (disambiguation).
Shrek
Shrek.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Andrew Adamson
Vicky Jenson
Produced by
Aron Warner
John H. Williams
Jeffrey Katzenberg
Written by
Ted Elliott
Terry Rossio
Joe Stillman
Roger S. H. Schulman
Based on Shrek!
দ্বারা William Steig
Starring
Mike Myers
Eddie Murphy
Cameron Diaz
John Lithgow
সঙ্গীত by
Harry Gregson-Williams
John Powell
Edited by Sim Evan-Jones
Production
companies
DreamWorks Animation[1]
PDI/DreamWorks[2][3]
Distributed by DreamWorks Pictures
Release date
April 22, 2001 (Mann Village Theatre)[4]
May 18, 2001 (United States)
Running time
90 minutes[5]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $60 million[5]
Box office $484.4 million[5]
শ্রেক is a 2001 American computer-animated, comedy film loosely based on the 1990 fairytale picture book of the same name দ্বারা William Steig. Directed দ্বারা Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debuts, it stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow as the voices of the lead characters. The film parodies other films adapted from fairy tale storylines, primarily aimed at animated ডিজনি films. In the story, an ogre called শ্রেক (Myers) finds his swamp overrun দ্বারা fairy tale creatures who have been banished দ্বারা the corrupt Lord Farquaad (Lithgow) aspiring to be king. শ্রেক makes a deal with Farquaad to regain control of his swamp in return for rescuing Princess Fiona (Diaz), whom he intends to marry. With the help of Donkey (Murphy), শ্রেক embarks on his quest but soon falls in প্রণয় with the princess, who is hiding a secret that will change his life forever.
The rights to Steig's book were purchased দ্বারা Steven Spielberg in 1991. He originally planned to produce a traditionally-animated film based on the book, but John H. Williams convinced him to bring the film to the newly-founded DreamWorks in 1994. Jeffrey Katzenberg began active development of the film in 1995 immediately following the studio's purchase of the rights from Spielberg. Chris Farley was originally cast as the voice for the শিরোনাম character, recording nearly all of the required dialogue. After Farley died in 1997 before the work was finished, Mike Myers stepped in to voice the character, which was changed to a Scottish accent in the process. The film was intended to be motion-captured, but after poor results, the studio decided to hire Pacific Data প্রতিমূর্তি to complete the final computer animation.
শ্রেক premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or,[6] making it the first animated film since Disney's Peter Pan (1953) to receive that honor.[7] It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against production budget of $60 million. শ্রেক won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and টেলিভিশন Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks অ্যানিমেশন as a prime competitor to পিক্সার in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—Shrek 2 (2004), শ্রেক the Third (2007), and শ্রেক Forever After (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the শ্রেক franchise. A planned fifth film was cancelled in 2009 prior to the fourth film's release, but it has since been revived and has entered development.[8]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Animation
3.4 Music
4 Cultural references
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
5.2 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
6.4 Festivals
6.5 Influence
7 Other media
8 Sequels and spin-offs
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Plot
Shrek, a mean-spirited and highly territorial green ogre who loves the solitude of his swamp, finds his life interrupted when countless fairytale creatures are exiled there দ্বারা the fairytale-hating and vertically-challenged Lord Farquaad of Duloc. Angered, he decides to ask Farquaad to exile them elsewhere. শ্রেক brings along a talkative Donkey, who is the only fairytale creature willing to guide him to Duloc.
Meanwhile, Farquaad's torture of the Gingerbread Man for the location of the remaining fairytale creatures is interrupted when his guards present him with a Magic Mirror. He asks the Mirror if his kingdom is the fairest of them all but is told that he is not even a king, as he is not descended from royalty. To become a king, he must marry a princess; Farquaad resolves to marry Princess Fiona, who is locked in a দুর্গ tower guarded দ্বারা a dragon. Unwilling to perform the task himself, he organizes a tournament wherein the winner gets the "privilege" of rescuing Fiona for him. শ্রেক and Donkey arrive during the tournament, and ignorantly defeat Farquaad's knights. Farquaad proclaims them the champions, and compels them under threat of death to rescue Fiona, promising to সরানো the fairytale creatures from Shrek's swamp if he succeeds.
শ্রেক and Donkey travel to the দুর্গ to find Fiona. They are noticed দ্বারা Dragon, who corners Donkey. In desperation, he sweet-talks the beast, learning that it is female. Dragon falls in প্রণয় with Donkey and carries him to her chambers. Meanwhile, শ্রেক finds Fiona, who is appalled at his lack of romanticism and surprised he had not slain Dragon. They leave after rescuing Donkey, and Fiona is thrilled to be rescued but is quickly disappointed when শ্রেক reveals he is an ogre. Despite her demands that Farquaad come get her in person, শ্রেক forcibly carries her as he ventures back to Duloc with Donkey. The three encounter Robin ঘোমটা on their way back, where it is revealed that Fiona is an expert martial artist. শ্রেক and Fiona find they have much in common and begin to fall in love.
When the trio is almost at Duloc, Fiona takes shelter in a windmill for the evening. Donkey hears strange noises from within and investigates, finding Fiona transformed into an ogress. Fiona reveals that she was cursed during childhood to transform every night, and that only her true love's চুম্বন will change her to "love's true form". Meanwhile, শ্রেক is about to confess his feelings to Fiona, but then overhears part of their conversation and becomes upset after mistaking her মতামত about being an "ugly beast" as disgust toward him. At Donkey's suggestion, Fiona vows to tell শ্রেক about her curse, but sees that শ্রেক has brought Lord Farquaad to the windmill. Confused and hurt দ্বারা Shrek's sudden disposition towards her, Fiona accepts Farquaad's marriage proposal and requests they be married before nightfall. The couple return to Duloc, while শ্রেক angrily abandons Donkey and returns to his now-vacated swamp.
Angered, Donkey arrives at the swamp and confronts a still upset Shrek. After an argument, Donkey explains that the "ugly beast" Fiona was referring to was someone else, and urges him to express his feelings for her before she is married. They travel to Duloc quickly দ্বারা riding Dragon, who had escaped her confines and followed Donkey.
শ্রেক interrupts the wedding before Farquaad can চুম্বন Fiona; he tells her that Farquaad is not her true প্রণয় and is only marrying her to become king. The sun sets, which turns Fiona into an ogress in front of everyone, causing a surprised শ্রেক to understand what he overheard. Outraged, Farquaad orders শ্রেক executed and Fiona detained. Dragon bursts in alongside Donkey and devours Farquaad alive. শ্রেক and Fiona profess their প্রণয় and share a kiss; Fiona's curse is lifted but she is surprised to see that she is still an ogress. They marry in the swamp and leave on their honeymoon.
Cast
Main article: তালিকা of শ্রেক characters
Mike Myers as Shrek[9]
Eddie Murphy as Donkey[10]
Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona[11]
John Lithgow as Lord Farquaad[12]
Vincent Cassel as "Monsieur" Robin Hood[13]
Conrad Vernon as Gingerbread Man[14]
Chris Miller as Geppetto / Magic Mirror[15]
Cody Cameron as Pinocchio / The Three Little Pigs[15]
Simon J. Smith as Three Blind Mice[15]
Christopher Knights as Three Blind Mice and Thelonius
Aron Warner as Big Bad Wolf[15]
Jim Cummings as Captain of the Guards[15]
Kathleen Freeman as Old Woman (Donkey's ex-owner)[15]
Andrew Adamson as Duloc Mascot (a man dressed in a suit that looks like Lord Farquaad)[15]
Bobby Block as Baby ভালুক from the Three Bears[15]
Michael Galasso as Peter Pan[15]
Production
Development
At the time DreamWorks was founded, producer John H. Williams got hold of the book from his children and when he brought it to DreamWorks, it caught Jeffrey Katzenberg's attention and the studio decided to make it into a film.[16] Recounting the inspiration of making the film, Williams said:
"Every development deal starts with a pitch and my pitch came from my then kindergartner, in collaboration with his pre-school brother. Upon our সেকেন্ড পাঠ করা of Shrek, the kindergartner started quoting large segments of the book pretending he could read them. Even as an adult, I thought শ্রেক was outrageous, irreverent, iconoclastic, gross, and just a lot of fun. He was a great movie character in খুঁজুন of a movie."[17]
After buying the rights to the film, Katzenberg quickly put it in active development in November 1995.[18][19] Steven Spielberg had thought about making a traditionally animated film adaption of the book before, when he bought the rights to the book in 1991 before the founding of DreamWorks, where Bill Murray would play শ্রেক and Steve Martin would play Donkey.[20] In the beginning of production, co-director Andrew Adamson refused to be intimidated দ্বারা Katzenberg and had an argument with him how much should the film appeal to adults. Katzenberg wanted both audiences, but he deemed some of Adamson's ideas, such as adding sexual jokes and বন্দুক N' ফুলেরসাজি সঙ্গীত to the soundtrack, to be too outrageous.[21][22] Adamson and Kelly Asbury joined in 1997 to co-direct the film. However, Asbury left a বছর later for work on the 2002 film Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, and was replaced with story artist Vicky Jenson. Both Adamson and Jenson decided to work on the film in half, so the crew could at least know who to go to with specific detail প্রশ্ন about the film's sequences; "We both ended up doing a lot of everything," Adamson said. "We're both kinda control freaks, and we both wanted to do everything."[23]
Some early sketches of Shrek's house were done between 1996 and 1997 using Photoshop, with the sketches প্রদর্শিত হচ্ছে শ্রেক first living in a garbage dump near a human village called Wart Creek. It was also thought one time that he lived with his parents and kept rotting মাছ in his bedroom.[24] Donkey was modeled after Pericles (born 1994; also known as Perry), a real miniature donkey from Barron Park in Palo Alto, California.[25] Raman Hui, supervising animator of Shrek, stated that Fiona "wasn't based on any real person." and he did many different sketches for her. He had done over 100 sculptures of Fiona before the directors chose the final design.[26] In early development, the art directors visited Hearst Castle, Stratford upon Avon, and Dordogne for inspiration. Art Director Douglas Rogers visited a একপ্রকার ফুলের গাছ plantation in Charleston, South Carolina for inspiration of Shrek's swamp.[27][28] Planned characters not used in the film include Goldilocks and Sleeping Beauty.[29]
Casting
Nicolas Cage was initially offered the role of শ্রেক but he turned it down because he did not want to look like an ogre.[30] In 2013, Cage explained furthermore: "When you're drawn, in a way it says আরো about how children are going to see আপনি than anything else, and I so care about that."[31]
Mike Myers was re-cast as শ্রেক after Chris Farley's death.
Chris Farley was initially hired to voice Shrek, and he had recorded nearly all of the dialogue for the character, but died before completing the project.[32] A story reel featuring a sample of Farley's recorded dialogue was leaked to the public in August 2015.[33] DreamWorks then re-cast the voice role to Mike Myers, who insisted on a complete script rewrite, to leave no traces of Farley's version of Shrek.[32] According to Myers, he wanted to voice the character "for two reasons: I wanted the opportunity to work with Jeffrey Katzenberg; and [the book is] a great story about accepting yourself for who আপনি are."[17]
After Myers had completed providing the voice for the character, when the film was well into production, he asked to re-record all of his lines with a Scottish accent, similar to that his mother used when she told him bedtime stories and also used for his roles in other films, such as So I Married an Axe Murderer and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me.[32] According to the DVD commentary, he had also tried using country and Canadian accents.[34] After hearing the alternative, Katzenberg agreed to redo scenes in the film, saying, "It was so good we took $4m worth of অ্যানিমেশন out and did it again."[35] A point Myers disputes, saying "it didn't cost the studio ‘millions of dollars,’" as rumored. "What it meant is instead of me going in for ten sessions, I went in for twenty sessions. I got paid the same.”[36] Because of Myers voicing the character, আরো ideas began to come. There were clearer story points, fresher gags and comedy bits.[37] "I got a letter from Spielberg thanking me so much for caring about the character," Myers said. "And he ব্যক্ত the Scottish accent had improved the movie."[38]
Another person planned to voice a character in the film was Janeane Garofalo, who was set to তারকা alongside Farley as Princess Fiona. However, she was fired from the project for unexplained reasons. Years later, Garofalo stated "I was never told why [I was fired]. I assume because I sound like a man sometimes? I don't know why. Nobody told me ... But, আপনি know, the movie didn't do anything, so who cares?"[39]
Animation
শ্রেক was originally set up to be a live-action/CG অ্যানিমেশন hybrid with background plate miniature sets and the main characters composited into the scene as motion-captured computer graphics, using an ExpertVision Hires বাজপাখি 10 camera system to capture and apply realistic human movement to the characters.[40] A sizable crew was hired to run a test, and after a বছর and a half of R & D, the test was finally screened in May 1997.[41] The results were not satisfactory, with Katzenberg stating "It looked terrible, it didn't work, it wasn't funny, and we didn't like it."[32] The studio then turned to its production partners at Pacific Data প্রতিমূর্তি (PDI), who began production with the studio in 1998[42] and helped শ্রেক get to its final, computer-animated look.[32] At this time, Antz was still in production দ্বারা the studio[32] and effects supervisor Ken Bielenberg was asked দ্বারা Aron Warner "to start development for Shrek."[43] Similar to পূর্ববর্তি PDI films, PDI used its own proprietary software (like its own Fluid অ্যানিমেশন System) for its animated movies. For some elements, however, it also took advantage of some of the powerhouse অ্যানিমেশন software in the market. This is particularly true with Maya, which PDI used for most of its dynamic cloth অ্যানিমেশন and for the hair of Fiona and Farquaad.[44]
"We did a lot of work on character and set-up, and then kept changing the set up while we were doing the animation," Hui noted. "In Antz, we had a facial system that gave us all the facial muscles under the skin. In Shrek, we applied that to whole body. So, if আপনি pay attention to শ্রেক when he talks, আপনি see that when he opens his jaw, he forms a double chin, because we have the fat and the muscles underneath. That kind of detail took us a long time to get right."[45] One of the most difficult parts of creating the film was making Donkey's পশম flow smoothly so that it didn't look like that of a Chia Pet. This fell into the hands of the surfacing animators who used flow controls within a complex shader to provide the পশম with many attributes (ability to change directions, lie flat, swirl, etc.).[28] It was then the job of the visual effects group, led দ্বারা Ken Bielenberg, to make the পশম react to environment conditions. Once the technology was mastered, it was able to be applied to many aspects of the শ্রেক movie including grass, moss, beards, eyebrows, and even threads on Shrek's tunic. Making human hair realistic was different from Donkey's fur, requiring a separate rendering system and a lot of attention from the lighting and visual effects teams.[28]
শ্রেক has 31 sequences, with 1,288 shots in every sequence total.[27] Aron Warner ব্যক্ত that the creators "envisioned a magical environment that আপনি could immerse yourself into." শ্রেক includes 36 separate in-film locations to make the world of the film, which DreamWorks claimed was আরো than any পূর্ববর্তি computer-animated feature before. In-film locations were finalized and as demonstrated দ্বারা past DreamWorks animated movies, color and mood was of the utmost importance.[28]
Music
Main article: Shrek: সঙ্গীত from the Original Motion Picture
শ্রেক is the third DreamWorks animated film (and the only film in the শ্রেক series) to have Harry Gregson-Williams team up with John Powell to রচনা the score following Antz (1998) and Chicken Run (2000).[46] John Powell was left out to রচনা scores for later শ্রেক films with Williams due to a conflict.[47] The score was recorded at Abbey Road Studios দ্বারা Nick Wollage and Slamm Andrews, with the latter mixing it at Media Ventures and Patricia Sullivan-Fourstar handling mastering.[48]
শ্রেক introduced a new element to give the film a unique feel. The film used pop সঙ্গীত and other Oldies to make the story আরো forward. Covers of songs like "On the Road Again" and "Try a Little Tenderness" were integrated in the film's score.[49] As the film was about to be completed, Katzenberg suggested to the filmmakers to redo the film's ending to "go out with a big laugh"; instead of ending the film with just a storybook closing over শ্রেক and Fiona as they ride off into the sunset, they decided to add a song "I'm a Believer" covered দ্বারা Smash Mouth and প্রদর্শনী all the fairytale creatures in the film.[50]
Although Rufus Wainwright's version of the song "Hallelujah" appeared in the soundtrack album, it was John Cale's version that appeared in the film; in a radio interview, Rufus Wainwright suggested that his version of "Hallelujah" did not appear in the film due to the "glass ceiling" he was hitting because of his sexuality. An alternative explanation is that, although the filmmakers wanted Cale's version for the film, licensing issues prevented its use in the soundtrack album, because Wainwright was an artist for DreamWorks but Cale was not.[51]
Cultural references
In many places the film references classic movies, predominantly those দ্বারা Disney. When Tinker ঘণ্টা falls on Donkey and he says "I can fly" and people around including the Three Little Pigs say "He can fly, he can fly"; this is a reference to Disney's Peter Pan. This scene is also a reference to the ডিজনি film Dumbo, where Donkey says, while flying, "You might have seen a house fly, maybe even a super fly, but I bet আপনি ain't never seen a Donkey fly"[52] The scene where Fiona is গান গাওয়া to the blue bird is a reference to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[52] The transformation scene at the end of the film references Disney's Beauty and the Beast.[52]
When শ্রেক crosses the bridge to the দুর্গ and says, "That'll do, Donkey, that'll do," this is a reference to the movie Babe.[52] The scene where Princess Fiona is fighting the Merry Men is a lengthy reference to the film The Matrix.[52] At the end of the film, the Gingerbread Man at the end with a crutch (and one leg) says "God bless us, everyone" which is a reference to Tiny Tim in A বড়দিন Carol.[52]
In the scene where the Magic Mirror gives Lord Farquaad the option to marry three princesses, it parodies জনপ্রিয় American টেলিভিশন প্রদর্শনী The Dating Game featuring: সিন্ড্রেলা and Snow White.[53] In addition, Lord Farquaad's theme park style kingdom Duloc heavily mimics Disneyland, even in so far as parodying the famous 'It's A Small World' musical ride in the scene with the গান গাওয়া puppets.[53]
Release
Marketing
In 2000, IMAX released CyberWorld onto its branded large-screen theaters. It was a compilation film that featured stereoscopic conversions of various animated shorts and sequences, including the bar sequence in Antz. DreamWorks was so impressed দ্বারা the technology used for the sequence's "stereoscopic translation", that the studio and IMAX decided to plan a big-screen 3D version of Shrek. The film would have been re-released during the বড়দিন season of 2001, অথবা the following summer, after its conventional 2D release. The re-release would have also included new sequences and an alternate ending. Plans for this was dropped due to "creative changes" instituted দ্বারা DreamWorks and resulted in a loss of $1.18 million, down from IMAX's profit of $3.24 million.[54][55][56]
Radio ডিজনি was told not to allow any ads for the film to air on the station, stating, "Due to সাম্প্রতিক initiatives with The Walt ডিজনি Company, we are being asked not to align ourselves promotionally with this new release Shrek. Stations may accept spot dollars only in individual markets."[57] The restriction was later relaxed to allow ads for the film's soundtrack album onto the network.[58]
On May 7, 2001, Burger King began promotions for the film, giving out a selection of nine exclusive ক্যান্ডি চকোলেট Caddies based on the শ্রেক characters, in Big Kids Meal and Kids Meal orders.[59] Ice cream chain Baskin-Robbins also ran an 8-week promotion of the film, selling products such as Shrek's Hot Sludge Sundae, a combination of Oreo বিস্কুট 'n Cream ice cream, hot fudge, crushed চকোলেট cookies, whipped cream and squiggly gummy worms, and শ্রেক Freeze Frame Cake, featuring an image of শ্রেক and Donkey framed দ্বারা sunflowers. This was to support the film's DVD/VHS release.[60]
প্রথমপাতা media
The film was released দ্বারা DreamWorks প্রথমপাতা Entertainment on VHS and DVD on November 2, 2001. Both releases included শ্রেক in the Swamp Karaoke Dance Party, a 3-minute musical short film, that takes up right after Shrek's ending, with film's characters performing a medley of modern pop songs.[61]
শ্রেক was released to video the same দিন that Pixar's Monsters, Inc. hit theaters. Since চলচ্ছবি were traditionally released on Tuesdays, Disney's executives did not receive this well, saying that the সরানো "seemed like an underhanded attempt to siphon off some of their film's steam". DreamWorks responded that it "simply shifted the release to a Friday to make it আরো of an event and predicted that it and other studios would do so আরো frequently with important films." Monsters, Inc. earned that weekend আরো than $62 million, breaking the record for an animated film, while Shrek's video release made আরো than $100 million,[62] and eventually became the biggest selling DVD of all time with over 5.5 million sales.[63]
A 3D version of the film was released on Blu-ray 3D দ্বারা Paramount প্রথমপাতা Entertainment on December 1, 2010, along with its sequels, [64] and a regular 2D Blu-ray boxset of the series was released six days later.[65]
Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 88% approval rating based on 203 reviews, with an average rating of 7.81/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "While simultaneously embracing and subverting fairy tales, the irreverent শ্রেক also manages to tweak Disney's nose, provide a moral message to children, and offer viewers a funny, fast-paced ride."[66] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 84 out of 100 based on 34 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[67] Audiences polled দ্বারা CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[68]
Eddie Murphy was particularly praised দ্বারা reviewers for his performance and role as Donkey.
Roger Ebert praised the film, giving it four stars out of a possible four and describing it as "jolly and wicked, filled with sly in-jokes and yet somehow possessing a heart."[69] USA Today's Susan Wloszczyna praised Eddie Murphy's performance, stating it "gives the comic performance of his career, aided দ্বারা sensational digital artistry, as he brays for the slightly neurotic motormouth."[70] Richard Schickel of Time also enjoyed Murphy's role, stating "No one has ever made a funnier jackass of himself than Murphy."[71] Peter Rainer of New York magazine liked the script, also stating "The animation, directed দ্বারা Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, is often on the same wriggly, giggly level as the script, although the আরো "human" characters, such as Princess Fiona and Lord Farquaad, are less interesting than the জন্তু জানোয়ার and creatures—a common pitfall in animated films of all types."[72] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote "Shrek is a world-class charmer that could even seduce the Academy when it hands out the first official অ্যানিমেশন Oscar পরবর্তি year."[73] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Shrek is not a guilty pleasure for sophisticated movie-goers; it is, purely and simply, a pleasure."[74] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote "The witty, fractured fairy tale শ্রেক has a solid base of clever writing."[75] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A-, saying "A kind of palace coup, a shout of defiance, and a coming of age for DreamWorks."[76] স্থূলবুদ্ধি বাচাল ব্যক্তি Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel wrote "It's a pleasure to be able to প্রতিবেদন that the movie both captures and expands upon the book's playful spirit of deconstruction."[77]
Steven Rosen of The Denver Post wrote "DreamWorks Pictures again proves a name to trust for imaginative, funny animated চলচ্চিত্র that delight kids and adults equally."[78] Susan Stark of The Detroit News gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Swift, sweet, irreverent, rangy and as spirited in the লেখা and voice work as it is splendid in design."[79] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film four out of four stars, saying "A fat green ogre with a grouchy disposition and worse manners, শ্রেক is the sort of unlikely hero that nobody could প্রণয় – except just about everyone who sees this hip and hilarious animated delight."[80] Jami Bernard of the New York Daily News gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The brilliance of the voice work, script, direction and অ্যানিমেশন all serve to make শ্রেক an adorable, infectious work of true sophistication."[81] Rene Rodriguez gave the film three out of four stars, calling it "a gleefully fractured fairy tale that never becomes cynical অথবা crass".[82] Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Beating up on the irritatingly dainty ডিজনি trademarks is nothing new; it's just that it has rarely been done with the demolition-derby zest of Shrek."[83] William Steig, the লেখক of the original book, and his wife Jeanne Steig also enjoyed the film, stating "We all went sort of expecting to hate it, thinking, 'What has Hollywood done to it?' But we loved it. We were afraid it would be too sickeningly cute and, instead, Bill just thought they did a wonderful, witty job of it."[84]
John Anderson of Newsday wrote "The kind of movie that will entertain everyone of every age and probably for ages to come."[85] স্থূলবুদ্ধি বাচাল ব্যক্তি Carr of The Boston Globe wrote "In an era when much on film seems old, শ্রেক seems new and fresh and clever."[86] Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post gave the film five out of five stars, saying "Despite all its high-tech weirdness, it is really that most perdurable of human constructions, a tale told well and true."[87] Joe Baltake of The Sacramento Bee wrote that it "isn't so much a fractured spoof of everything Disney, but actually a Monty পাইথন flick for kids – kids of all ages".[86] Andrew Sarris of The New York Observer wrote "What gives শ্রেক its special artistic distinction is its witty and knowingly sassy dialogue, delivered দ্বারা vocally charismatic performers whose voices remind us of their stellar screen personae in live-action movies."[88] Lisa Alspector of the Chicago Reader wrote "This romantic ফ্যান্টাসি complicates the roles of beauty and beast, making it hard to guess what form a sensitive resolution will take."[89] Joe Morgenstern of The দেওয়াল রাস্তা Journal wrote "The charms of Shrek, which is based on the children's book দ্বারা William Steig, go far beyond in-jokes for adults."[90] John Zebrowski of The Seattle Times gave the film three out of four stars, saying "The movie is helped immensely দ্বারা its cast, who carry it through some of the early, sluggish scenes. But this is Murphy's movie. Donkey gets most of the good lines, and Murphy hits every one."[91]
A mixed review came from Mark Caro of the Chicago Tribune, who gave the film two and a half stars out of four and compared the film to Toy Story 2, saying it "had a higher in-jokes/laughs ratio without straining to demonstrate its hipness অথবা to evoke heartfelt emotions."[92] On the আরো negative side, Michael Atkinson of The Village Voice ব্যক্ত he was "desperately avoiding the risk of even a half-second of boredom", and ব্যক্ত "the movie is wall-to-window-to-door noise, babbling, and jokes (the first মিনিট sees the first fart gag), and demographically it's a hard-sell shotgun spray."[93] Christy Lemire of the Associated Press described শ্রেক as a "90-minute onslaught of in-jokes", and ব্যক্ত while it "strives to have a heart" with "a message about beauty coming from within", "somehow [the message] rings hollow."[86] Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, despite the film "cunning the rendering of surfaces, there's still something flat and charmless in the digital look, and most of the pleasure rises not from the main romance but from the quick, incidental gags."[94]
Box office
শ্রেক opened on around 6,000 screens[95] across 3,587 theaters;[96] eleven of them showed the film digitally, made possible দ্বারা the THX Division of Lucasfilm.[97] This was the first time that DreamWorks had shown one of its films digitally.[98] The film earned $11.6 million on its first দিন and $42.3 million on its opening weekend, topping the box office for the weekend and averaging $11,805 from 3,587 theaters.[99] In its সেকেন্ড weekend, due to the Memorial দিন Weekend holiday, the film gained 0.3 percent to $42.5 million and $55.2 million over the four-day weekend, resulting in an সামগ্রিক 30 percent gain.[100] Despite this, the film finished in সেকেন্ড place behind Pearl Harbor and had an average of $15,240 from expanding to 3,623 sites.[100] In its third weekend, the film retreated 34 percent to $28.2 million for a $7,695 average from expanding to 3,661 theaters.[101] The film closed on December 6, 2001, after grossing $267.7 million domestically, along with $216.7 million overseas, for a worldwide total of $484.4 million.[5] Produced on a $60 million budget, the film was a huge box office smash and is the fourth highest-grossing film of 2001 behind Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, and Monsters, Inc..[5] The film sold an estimated 47,290,600 tickets in North America.[102]
শ্রেক became the highest-grossing animated film ever to be released in Australia, passing the mark set দ্বারা The Lion King in 1994.[103] In the United Kingdom, শ্রেক regained the শীর্ষ spot at the British box office after being beaten out the পূর্ববর্তি week দ্বারা Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, earning a $20.3 million since its opening in the UK.[104]
Accolades
At the 74th Academy Awards, শ্রেক won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, beating Monsters, Inc. and Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius.[105] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Prince Charming? So last millennium. This decade, fairy-tale অনুরাগী – and Princess Fiona – fell for a fat and flatulent Ogre. Now, that's progress."[106] It was nominated for The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical অথবা Comedy.[107]
শ্রেক was also nominated for 6 BAFTA Awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film. Eddie Murphy became the first actor to ever receive a BAFTA nomination for a voice-over performance. The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.[108] শ্রেক was nominated for a dozen Annie Awards from ASIFA-Hollywood, and won eight Annies including Best Animated Feature and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production.[109]
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten শীর্ষ Ten"; the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community শ্রেক was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-Disney·Pixar film in the শীর্ষ 10.[110][111] শ্রেক was also ranked সেকেন্ড in a Channel 4 মতামত of the "100 Greatest Family Films", losing out on the শীর্ষ spot to E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.[112] In 2005, শ্রেক came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest কার্টুন মতামত behind The Simpsons, Tom and Jerry, South Park, Toy Story and Family Guy.[113] In November 2009, the character, Lord Farquaad, was listed No. 14 in IGN UK's "Top 15 ফ্যান্টাসি Villains".[114] In 2006, it was ranked third on Bravo's 100 funniest films list.[115] The film's শিরোনাম character was awarded his own তারকা on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010.[116]
American Film Institute recognition:
AFI's 100 Years...100 নায়ক & Villains:
শ্রেক – Nominated Hero[110]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
I'm a Believer – Nominated[110]
AFI's 100 Years...100 চলচ্চিত্র (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[110]
AFI's 10 শীর্ষ 10 – No. 8 Animated film[110]
Festivals
শ্রেক premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or,[6] making it the first animated film since Disney's Peter Pan (1953) to receive that honor.[7]
Influence
পূর্ববর্তি films and TV shows, such as Fractured Fairy Tales and The Princess Bride, have parodied the traditional fairy tale.[117] However, শ্রেক itself has noticeably influenced the current generation of mainstream animated films.[117] Particularly after শ্রেক 2, animated films began to incorporate আরো pop culture references and end-film musical numbers.[117] Such elements can be seen in films like Robots, Chicken Little and Doogal.[117] It also inspired a number of computer animated films which also spoofed fairy tales, অথবা other related story genres, often including adult-oriented humor, most of which were not nearly as successful as Shrek, such as Happily N'Ever After, Igor, and Hoodwinked![117] On November 29, 2018, YouTube channel 3GI, along with over 200 animators and content creators, released শ্রেক Retold, a scene-for-scene recreation of the original movie.[118]
Other media
See also: শ্রেক the Musical
Several video game adaptations of the film have been published on various game console platforms, including শ্রেক (2001), Shrek: Hassle at the দুর্গ (2002), Shrek: Extra Large (2002), Shrek: Super Party (2002) and শ্রেক SuperSlam (2005).[119] শ্রেক was also included as a bonus unlockable character in the video game Tony Hawk's Underground 2 (2004).[120]
In 2003, Dark Horse Comics released a three-issue mini-series comic book adaptation of শ্রেক which was written দ্বারা Mark Evanier, and the issues were later compiled into a trade paperback.[121]
A musical version, based on the film, with সঙ্গীত দ্বারা Jeanine Tesori and a book and lyrics দ্বারা David Lindsay-Abaire, opened on Broadway on December 14, 2008, and closed January 3, 2010, running for a total of 441 performances.[122] It starred Brian d'Arcy James in the শিরোনাম role, Sutton Foster as Princess Fiona, Christopher Sieber as Lord Farquaad, Daniel Breaker as Donkey, and John Tartaglia as Pinocchio.[122] The Broadway production was recorded and released on DVD, Blu-ray and digital media.[123][124][125] A North American Tour opened July 25, 2010, in Chicago.[122] A লন্ডন production opened in the West End on June 7, 2011.[126] The musical received many Tony Award nominations and won the 2009 Tony Award for Best Costume Design. It received five Laurence Olivier Award nominations including Best New Musical.[127]
A shot-for-shot অনুরাগী remake titled শ্রেক Retold was released through 3GI Industries on November 29, 2018. The project was a collaboration of 200 filmmakers and mixes live action, hand drawn animation, Flash animation, CGI and various other art forms to recreate the film. The film is available on YouTube for free.[128][129]
Sequels and spin-offs
Main article: শ্রেক (franchise)
শ্রেক has three sequels: শ্রেক 2 (2004), শ্রেক the Third (2007), and শ্রেক Forever After (2010). Although শ্রেক 2 received similar acclaim from critics,[130] the following two চলচ্চিত্র after received some mixed reviews.[131][132] They were, however, still box office hits.[133][134] There were also two holiday specials entitled শ্রেক the Halls and Scared Shrekless, a spin-off Puss in Boots (a prequel to the শ্রেক series, exploring the origins of Puss in Boots, a character in the শ্রেক sequels), and several shorts.[135] A fifth feature film was also planned for release, but was later cancelled in 2009, after it was decided that শ্রেক Forever After (originally titled শ্রেক Goes Fourth) was to be the last film in the series.[135] However, in July 2016, the fifth film was announced and is set for release in 2019.[136] On November 6, 2018, it was reported দ্বারা Variety that Chris Meledandri had been tasked to reboot both শ্রেক and Puss in Boots, with the original cast potentially returning
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This প্রবন্ধ is about the first শ্রেক film. For the franchise, see শ্রেক (franchise). For the শিরোনাম character, see শ্রেক (character). For other uses, see শ্রেক (disambiguation).
Shrek
Shrek.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Andrew Adamson
Vicky Jenson
Produced by
Aron Warner
John H. Williams
Jeffrey Katzenberg
Written by
Ted Elliott
Terry Rossio
Joe Stillman
Roger S. H. Schulman
Based on Shrek!
দ্বারা William Steig
Starring
Mike Myers
Eddie Murphy
Cameron Diaz
John Lithgow
সঙ্গীত by
Harry Gregson-Williams
John Powell
Edited by Sim Evan-Jones
Production
companies
DreamWorks Animation[1]
PDI/DreamWorks[2][3]
Distributed by DreamWorks Pictures
Release date
April 22, 2001 (Mann Village Theatre)[4]
May 18, 2001 (United States)
Running time
90 minutes[5]
Country United States
Language English
Budget $60 million[5]
Box office $484.4 million[5]
শ্রেক is a 2001 American computer-animated, comedy film loosely based on the 1990 fairytale picture book of the same name দ্বারা William Steig. Directed দ্বারা Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson in their directorial debuts, it stars Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz, and John Lithgow as the voices of the lead characters. The film parodies other films adapted from fairy tale storylines, primarily aimed at animated ডিজনি films. In the story, an ogre called শ্রেক (Myers) finds his swamp overrun দ্বারা fairy tale creatures who have been banished দ্বারা the corrupt Lord Farquaad (Lithgow) aspiring to be king. শ্রেক makes a deal with Farquaad to regain control of his swamp in return for rescuing Princess Fiona (Diaz), whom he intends to marry. With the help of Donkey (Murphy), শ্রেক embarks on his quest but soon falls in প্রণয় with the princess, who is hiding a secret that will change his life forever.
The rights to Steig's book were purchased দ্বারা Steven Spielberg in 1991. He originally planned to produce a traditionally-animated film based on the book, but John H. Williams convinced him to bring the film to the newly-founded DreamWorks in 1994. Jeffrey Katzenberg began active development of the film in 1995 immediately following the studio's purchase of the rights from Spielberg. Chris Farley was originally cast as the voice for the শিরোনাম character, recording nearly all of the required dialogue. After Farley died in 1997 before the work was finished, Mike Myers stepped in to voice the character, which was changed to a Scottish accent in the process. The film was intended to be motion-captured, but after poor results, the studio decided to hire Pacific Data প্রতিমূর্তি to complete the final computer animation.
শ্রেক premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or,[6] making it the first animated film since Disney's Peter Pan (1953) to receive that honor.[7] It was widely praised as an animated film that featured adult-oriented humor and themes, while catering to children at the same time. The film was theatrically released in the United States on May 18, 2001, and grossed $484.4 million worldwide against production budget of $60 million. শ্রেক won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and was also nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay. It also earned six award nominations from the British Academy of Film and টেলিভিশন Arts (BAFTA), ultimately winning Best Adapted Screenplay. The film's success helped establish DreamWorks অ্যানিমেশন as a prime competitor to পিক্সার in feature film computer animation, and three sequels were released—Shrek 2 (2004), শ্রেক the Third (2007), and শ্রেক Forever After (2010)—along with two holiday specials, a spin-off film, and a stage musical that kickstarted the শ্রেক franchise. A planned fifth film was cancelled in 2009 prior to the fourth film's release, but it has since been revived and has entered development.[8]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Animation
3.4 Music
4 Cultural references
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
5.2 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Critical response
6.2 Box office
6.3 Accolades
6.4 Festivals
6.5 Influence
7 Other media
8 Sequels and spin-offs
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Plot
Shrek, a mean-spirited and highly territorial green ogre who loves the solitude of his swamp, finds his life interrupted when countless fairytale creatures are exiled there দ্বারা the fairytale-hating and vertically-challenged Lord Farquaad of Duloc. Angered, he decides to ask Farquaad to exile them elsewhere. শ্রেক brings along a talkative Donkey, who is the only fairytale creature willing to guide him to Duloc.
Meanwhile, Farquaad's torture of the Gingerbread Man for the location of the remaining fairytale creatures is interrupted when his guards present him with a Magic Mirror. He asks the Mirror if his kingdom is the fairest of them all but is told that he is not even a king, as he is not descended from royalty. To become a king, he must marry a princess; Farquaad resolves to marry Princess Fiona, who is locked in a দুর্গ tower guarded দ্বারা a dragon. Unwilling to perform the task himself, he organizes a tournament wherein the winner gets the "privilege" of rescuing Fiona for him. শ্রেক and Donkey arrive during the tournament, and ignorantly defeat Farquaad's knights. Farquaad proclaims them the champions, and compels them under threat of death to rescue Fiona, promising to সরানো the fairytale creatures from Shrek's swamp if he succeeds.
শ্রেক and Donkey travel to the দুর্গ to find Fiona. They are noticed দ্বারা Dragon, who corners Donkey. In desperation, he sweet-talks the beast, learning that it is female. Dragon falls in প্রণয় with Donkey and carries him to her chambers. Meanwhile, শ্রেক finds Fiona, who is appalled at his lack of romanticism and surprised he had not slain Dragon. They leave after rescuing Donkey, and Fiona is thrilled to be rescued but is quickly disappointed when শ্রেক reveals he is an ogre. Despite her demands that Farquaad come get her in person, শ্রেক forcibly carries her as he ventures back to Duloc with Donkey. The three encounter Robin ঘোমটা on their way back, where it is revealed that Fiona is an expert martial artist. শ্রেক and Fiona find they have much in common and begin to fall in love.
When the trio is almost at Duloc, Fiona takes shelter in a windmill for the evening. Donkey hears strange noises from within and investigates, finding Fiona transformed into an ogress. Fiona reveals that she was cursed during childhood to transform every night, and that only her true love's চুম্বন will change her to "love's true form". Meanwhile, শ্রেক is about to confess his feelings to Fiona, but then overhears part of their conversation and becomes upset after mistaking her মতামত about being an "ugly beast" as disgust toward him. At Donkey's suggestion, Fiona vows to tell শ্রেক about her curse, but sees that শ্রেক has brought Lord Farquaad to the windmill. Confused and hurt দ্বারা Shrek's sudden disposition towards her, Fiona accepts Farquaad's marriage proposal and requests they be married before nightfall. The couple return to Duloc, while শ্রেক angrily abandons Donkey and returns to his now-vacated swamp.
Angered, Donkey arrives at the swamp and confronts a still upset Shrek. After an argument, Donkey explains that the "ugly beast" Fiona was referring to was someone else, and urges him to express his feelings for her before she is married. They travel to Duloc quickly দ্বারা riding Dragon, who had escaped her confines and followed Donkey.
শ্রেক interrupts the wedding before Farquaad can চুম্বন Fiona; he tells her that Farquaad is not her true প্রণয় and is only marrying her to become king. The sun sets, which turns Fiona into an ogress in front of everyone, causing a surprised শ্রেক to understand what he overheard. Outraged, Farquaad orders শ্রেক executed and Fiona detained. Dragon bursts in alongside Donkey and devours Farquaad alive. শ্রেক and Fiona profess their প্রণয় and share a kiss; Fiona's curse is lifted but she is surprised to see that she is still an ogress. They marry in the swamp and leave on their honeymoon.
Cast
Main article: তালিকা of শ্রেক characters
Mike Myers as Shrek[9]
Eddie Murphy as Donkey[10]
Cameron Diaz as Princess Fiona[11]
John Lithgow as Lord Farquaad[12]
Vincent Cassel as "Monsieur" Robin Hood[13]
Conrad Vernon as Gingerbread Man[14]
Chris Miller as Geppetto / Magic Mirror[15]
Cody Cameron as Pinocchio / The Three Little Pigs[15]
Simon J. Smith as Three Blind Mice[15]
Christopher Knights as Three Blind Mice and Thelonius
Aron Warner as Big Bad Wolf[15]
Jim Cummings as Captain of the Guards[15]
Kathleen Freeman as Old Woman (Donkey's ex-owner)[15]
Andrew Adamson as Duloc Mascot (a man dressed in a suit that looks like Lord Farquaad)[15]
Bobby Block as Baby ভালুক from the Three Bears[15]
Michael Galasso as Peter Pan[15]
Production
Development
At the time DreamWorks was founded, producer John H. Williams got hold of the book from his children and when he brought it to DreamWorks, it caught Jeffrey Katzenberg's attention and the studio decided to make it into a film.[16] Recounting the inspiration of making the film, Williams said:
"Every development deal starts with a pitch and my pitch came from my then kindergartner, in collaboration with his pre-school brother. Upon our সেকেন্ড পাঠ করা of Shrek, the kindergartner started quoting large segments of the book pretending he could read them. Even as an adult, I thought শ্রেক was outrageous, irreverent, iconoclastic, gross, and just a lot of fun. He was a great movie character in খুঁজুন of a movie."[17]
After buying the rights to the film, Katzenberg quickly put it in active development in November 1995.[18][19] Steven Spielberg had thought about making a traditionally animated film adaption of the book before, when he bought the rights to the book in 1991 before the founding of DreamWorks, where Bill Murray would play শ্রেক and Steve Martin would play Donkey.[20] In the beginning of production, co-director Andrew Adamson refused to be intimidated দ্বারা Katzenberg and had an argument with him how much should the film appeal to adults. Katzenberg wanted both audiences, but he deemed some of Adamson's ideas, such as adding sexual jokes and বন্দুক N' ফুলেরসাজি সঙ্গীত to the soundtrack, to be too outrageous.[21][22] Adamson and Kelly Asbury joined in 1997 to co-direct the film. However, Asbury left a বছর later for work on the 2002 film Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron, and was replaced with story artist Vicky Jenson. Both Adamson and Jenson decided to work on the film in half, so the crew could at least know who to go to with specific detail প্রশ্ন about the film's sequences; "We both ended up doing a lot of everything," Adamson said. "We're both kinda control freaks, and we both wanted to do everything."[23]
Some early sketches of Shrek's house were done between 1996 and 1997 using Photoshop, with the sketches প্রদর্শিত হচ্ছে শ্রেক first living in a garbage dump near a human village called Wart Creek. It was also thought one time that he lived with his parents and kept rotting মাছ in his bedroom.[24] Donkey was modeled after Pericles (born 1994; also known as Perry), a real miniature donkey from Barron Park in Palo Alto, California.[25] Raman Hui, supervising animator of Shrek, stated that Fiona "wasn't based on any real person." and he did many different sketches for her. He had done over 100 sculptures of Fiona before the directors chose the final design.[26] In early development, the art directors visited Hearst Castle, Stratford upon Avon, and Dordogne for inspiration. Art Director Douglas Rogers visited a একপ্রকার ফুলের গাছ plantation in Charleston, South Carolina for inspiration of Shrek's swamp.[27][28] Planned characters not used in the film include Goldilocks and Sleeping Beauty.[29]
Casting
Nicolas Cage was initially offered the role of শ্রেক but he turned it down because he did not want to look like an ogre.[30] In 2013, Cage explained furthermore: "When you're drawn, in a way it says আরো about how children are going to see আপনি than anything else, and I so care about that."[31]
Mike Myers was re-cast as শ্রেক after Chris Farley's death.
Chris Farley was initially hired to voice Shrek, and he had recorded nearly all of the dialogue for the character, but died before completing the project.[32] A story reel featuring a sample of Farley's recorded dialogue was leaked to the public in August 2015.[33] DreamWorks then re-cast the voice role to Mike Myers, who insisted on a complete script rewrite, to leave no traces of Farley's version of Shrek.[32] According to Myers, he wanted to voice the character "for two reasons: I wanted the opportunity to work with Jeffrey Katzenberg; and [the book is] a great story about accepting yourself for who আপনি are."[17]
After Myers had completed providing the voice for the character, when the film was well into production, he asked to re-record all of his lines with a Scottish accent, similar to that his mother used when she told him bedtime stories and also used for his roles in other films, such as So I Married an Axe Murderer and Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me.[32] According to the DVD commentary, he had also tried using country and Canadian accents.[34] After hearing the alternative, Katzenberg agreed to redo scenes in the film, saying, "It was so good we took $4m worth of অ্যানিমেশন out and did it again."[35] A point Myers disputes, saying "it didn't cost the studio ‘millions of dollars,’" as rumored. "What it meant is instead of me going in for ten sessions, I went in for twenty sessions. I got paid the same.”[36] Because of Myers voicing the character, আরো ideas began to come. There were clearer story points, fresher gags and comedy bits.[37] "I got a letter from Spielberg thanking me so much for caring about the character," Myers said. "And he ব্যক্ত the Scottish accent had improved the movie."[38]
Another person planned to voice a character in the film was Janeane Garofalo, who was set to তারকা alongside Farley as Princess Fiona. However, she was fired from the project for unexplained reasons. Years later, Garofalo stated "I was never told why [I was fired]. I assume because I sound like a man sometimes? I don't know why. Nobody told me ... But, আপনি know, the movie didn't do anything, so who cares?"[39]
Animation
শ্রেক was originally set up to be a live-action/CG অ্যানিমেশন hybrid with background plate miniature sets and the main characters composited into the scene as motion-captured computer graphics, using an ExpertVision Hires বাজপাখি 10 camera system to capture and apply realistic human movement to the characters.[40] A sizable crew was hired to run a test, and after a বছর and a half of R & D, the test was finally screened in May 1997.[41] The results were not satisfactory, with Katzenberg stating "It looked terrible, it didn't work, it wasn't funny, and we didn't like it."[32] The studio then turned to its production partners at Pacific Data প্রতিমূর্তি (PDI), who began production with the studio in 1998[42] and helped শ্রেক get to its final, computer-animated look.[32] At this time, Antz was still in production দ্বারা the studio[32] and effects supervisor Ken Bielenberg was asked দ্বারা Aron Warner "to start development for Shrek."[43] Similar to পূর্ববর্তি PDI films, PDI used its own proprietary software (like its own Fluid অ্যানিমেশন System) for its animated movies. For some elements, however, it also took advantage of some of the powerhouse অ্যানিমেশন software in the market. This is particularly true with Maya, which PDI used for most of its dynamic cloth অ্যানিমেশন and for the hair of Fiona and Farquaad.[44]
"We did a lot of work on character and set-up, and then kept changing the set up while we were doing the animation," Hui noted. "In Antz, we had a facial system that gave us all the facial muscles under the skin. In Shrek, we applied that to whole body. So, if আপনি pay attention to শ্রেক when he talks, আপনি see that when he opens his jaw, he forms a double chin, because we have the fat and the muscles underneath. That kind of detail took us a long time to get right."[45] One of the most difficult parts of creating the film was making Donkey's পশম flow smoothly so that it didn't look like that of a Chia Pet. This fell into the hands of the surfacing animators who used flow controls within a complex shader to provide the পশম with many attributes (ability to change directions, lie flat, swirl, etc.).[28] It was then the job of the visual effects group, led দ্বারা Ken Bielenberg, to make the পশম react to environment conditions. Once the technology was mastered, it was able to be applied to many aspects of the শ্রেক movie including grass, moss, beards, eyebrows, and even threads on Shrek's tunic. Making human hair realistic was different from Donkey's fur, requiring a separate rendering system and a lot of attention from the lighting and visual effects teams.[28]
শ্রেক has 31 sequences, with 1,288 shots in every sequence total.[27] Aron Warner ব্যক্ত that the creators "envisioned a magical environment that আপনি could immerse yourself into." শ্রেক includes 36 separate in-film locations to make the world of the film, which DreamWorks claimed was আরো than any পূর্ববর্তি computer-animated feature before. In-film locations were finalized and as demonstrated দ্বারা past DreamWorks animated movies, color and mood was of the utmost importance.[28]
Music
Main article: Shrek: সঙ্গীত from the Original Motion Picture
শ্রেক is the third DreamWorks animated film (and the only film in the শ্রেক series) to have Harry Gregson-Williams team up with John Powell to রচনা the score following Antz (1998) and Chicken Run (2000).[46] John Powell was left out to রচনা scores for later শ্রেক films with Williams due to a conflict.[47] The score was recorded at Abbey Road Studios দ্বারা Nick Wollage and Slamm Andrews, with the latter mixing it at Media Ventures and Patricia Sullivan-Fourstar handling mastering.[48]
শ্রেক introduced a new element to give the film a unique feel. The film used pop সঙ্গীত and other Oldies to make the story আরো forward. Covers of songs like "On the Road Again" and "Try a Little Tenderness" were integrated in the film's score.[49] As the film was about to be completed, Katzenberg suggested to the filmmakers to redo the film's ending to "go out with a big laugh"; instead of ending the film with just a storybook closing over শ্রেক and Fiona as they ride off into the sunset, they decided to add a song "I'm a Believer" covered দ্বারা Smash Mouth and প্রদর্শনী all the fairytale creatures in the film.[50]
Although Rufus Wainwright's version of the song "Hallelujah" appeared in the soundtrack album, it was John Cale's version that appeared in the film; in a radio interview, Rufus Wainwright suggested that his version of "Hallelujah" did not appear in the film due to the "glass ceiling" he was hitting because of his sexuality. An alternative explanation is that, although the filmmakers wanted Cale's version for the film, licensing issues prevented its use in the soundtrack album, because Wainwright was an artist for DreamWorks but Cale was not.[51]
Cultural references
In many places the film references classic movies, predominantly those দ্বারা Disney. When Tinker ঘণ্টা falls on Donkey and he says "I can fly" and people around including the Three Little Pigs say "He can fly, he can fly"; this is a reference to Disney's Peter Pan. This scene is also a reference to the ডিজনি film Dumbo, where Donkey says, while flying, "You might have seen a house fly, maybe even a super fly, but I bet আপনি ain't never seen a Donkey fly"[52] The scene where Fiona is গান গাওয়া to the blue bird is a reference to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[52] The transformation scene at the end of the film references Disney's Beauty and the Beast.[52]
When শ্রেক crosses the bridge to the দুর্গ and says, "That'll do, Donkey, that'll do," this is a reference to the movie Babe.[52] The scene where Princess Fiona is fighting the Merry Men is a lengthy reference to the film The Matrix.[52] At the end of the film, the Gingerbread Man at the end with a crutch (and one leg) says "God bless us, everyone" which is a reference to Tiny Tim in A বড়দিন Carol.[52]
In the scene where the Magic Mirror gives Lord Farquaad the option to marry three princesses, it parodies জনপ্রিয় American টেলিভিশন প্রদর্শনী The Dating Game featuring: সিন্ড্রেলা and Snow White.[53] In addition, Lord Farquaad's theme park style kingdom Duloc heavily mimics Disneyland, even in so far as parodying the famous 'It's A Small World' musical ride in the scene with the গান গাওয়া puppets.[53]
Release
Marketing
In 2000, IMAX released CyberWorld onto its branded large-screen theaters. It was a compilation film that featured stereoscopic conversions of various animated shorts and sequences, including the bar sequence in Antz. DreamWorks was so impressed দ্বারা the technology used for the sequence's "stereoscopic translation", that the studio and IMAX decided to plan a big-screen 3D version of Shrek. The film would have been re-released during the বড়দিন season of 2001, অথবা the following summer, after its conventional 2D release. The re-release would have also included new sequences and an alternate ending. Plans for this was dropped due to "creative changes" instituted দ্বারা DreamWorks and resulted in a loss of $1.18 million, down from IMAX's profit of $3.24 million.[54][55][56]
Radio ডিজনি was told not to allow any ads for the film to air on the station, stating, "Due to সাম্প্রতিক initiatives with The Walt ডিজনি Company, we are being asked not to align ourselves promotionally with this new release Shrek. Stations may accept spot dollars only in individual markets."[57] The restriction was later relaxed to allow ads for the film's soundtrack album onto the network.[58]
On May 7, 2001, Burger King began promotions for the film, giving out a selection of nine exclusive ক্যান্ডি চকোলেট Caddies based on the শ্রেক characters, in Big Kids Meal and Kids Meal orders.[59] Ice cream chain Baskin-Robbins also ran an 8-week promotion of the film, selling products such as Shrek's Hot Sludge Sundae, a combination of Oreo বিস্কুট 'n Cream ice cream, hot fudge, crushed চকোলেট cookies, whipped cream and squiggly gummy worms, and শ্রেক Freeze Frame Cake, featuring an image of শ্রেক and Donkey framed দ্বারা sunflowers. This was to support the film's DVD/VHS release.[60]
প্রথমপাতা media
The film was released দ্বারা DreamWorks প্রথমপাতা Entertainment on VHS and DVD on November 2, 2001. Both releases included শ্রেক in the Swamp Karaoke Dance Party, a 3-minute musical short film, that takes up right after Shrek's ending, with film's characters performing a medley of modern pop songs.[61]
শ্রেক was released to video the same দিন that Pixar's Monsters, Inc. hit theaters. Since চলচ্ছবি were traditionally released on Tuesdays, Disney's executives did not receive this well, saying that the সরানো "seemed like an underhanded attempt to siphon off some of their film's steam". DreamWorks responded that it "simply shifted the release to a Friday to make it আরো of an event and predicted that it and other studios would do so আরো frequently with important films." Monsters, Inc. earned that weekend আরো than $62 million, breaking the record for an animated film, while Shrek's video release made আরো than $100 million,[62] and eventually became the biggest selling DVD of all time with over 5.5 million sales.[63]
A 3D version of the film was released on Blu-ray 3D দ্বারা Paramount প্রথমপাতা Entertainment on December 1, 2010, along with its sequels, [64] and a regular 2D Blu-ray boxset of the series was released six days later.[65]
Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 88% approval rating based on 203 reviews, with an average rating of 7.81/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "While simultaneously embracing and subverting fairy tales, the irreverent শ্রেক also manages to tweak Disney's nose, provide a moral message to children, and offer viewers a funny, fast-paced ride."[66] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 84 out of 100 based on 34 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[67] Audiences polled দ্বারা CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[68]
Eddie Murphy was particularly praised দ্বারা reviewers for his performance and role as Donkey.
Roger Ebert praised the film, giving it four stars out of a possible four and describing it as "jolly and wicked, filled with sly in-jokes and yet somehow possessing a heart."[69] USA Today's Susan Wloszczyna praised Eddie Murphy's performance, stating it "gives the comic performance of his career, aided দ্বারা sensational digital artistry, as he brays for the slightly neurotic motormouth."[70] Richard Schickel of Time also enjoyed Murphy's role, stating "No one has ever made a funnier jackass of himself than Murphy."[71] Peter Rainer of New York magazine liked the script, also stating "The animation, directed দ্বারা Andrew Adamson and Vicky Jenson, is often on the same wriggly, giggly level as the script, although the আরো "human" characters, such as Princess Fiona and Lord Farquaad, are less interesting than the জন্তু জানোয়ার and creatures—a common pitfall in animated films of all types."[72] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote "Shrek is a world-class charmer that could even seduce the Academy when it hands out the first official অ্যানিমেশন Oscar পরবর্তি year."[73] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Shrek is not a guilty pleasure for sophisticated movie-goers; it is, purely and simply, a pleasure."[74] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote "The witty, fractured fairy tale শ্রেক has a solid base of clever writing."[75] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an A-, saying "A kind of palace coup, a shout of defiance, and a coming of age for DreamWorks."[76] স্থূলবুদ্ধি বাচাল ব্যক্তি Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel wrote "It's a pleasure to be able to প্রতিবেদন that the movie both captures and expands upon the book's playful spirit of deconstruction."[77]
Steven Rosen of The Denver Post wrote "DreamWorks Pictures again proves a name to trust for imaginative, funny animated চলচ্চিত্র that delight kids and adults equally."[78] Susan Stark of The Detroit News gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Swift, sweet, irreverent, rangy and as spirited in the লেখা and voice work as it is splendid in design."[79] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film four out of four stars, saying "A fat green ogre with a grouchy disposition and worse manners, শ্রেক is the sort of unlikely hero that nobody could প্রণয় – except just about everyone who sees this hip and hilarious animated delight."[80] Jami Bernard of the New York Daily News gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The brilliance of the voice work, script, direction and অ্যানিমেশন all serve to make শ্রেক an adorable, infectious work of true sophistication."[81] Rene Rodriguez gave the film three out of four stars, calling it "a gleefully fractured fairy tale that never becomes cynical অথবা crass".[82] Elvis Mitchell of The New York Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Beating up on the irritatingly dainty ডিজনি trademarks is nothing new; it's just that it has rarely been done with the demolition-derby zest of Shrek."[83] William Steig, the লেখক of the original book, and his wife Jeanne Steig also enjoyed the film, stating "We all went sort of expecting to hate it, thinking, 'What has Hollywood done to it?' But we loved it. We were afraid it would be too sickeningly cute and, instead, Bill just thought they did a wonderful, witty job of it."[84]
John Anderson of Newsday wrote "The kind of movie that will entertain everyone of every age and probably for ages to come."[85] স্থূলবুদ্ধি বাচাল ব্যক্তি Carr of The Boston Globe wrote "In an era when much on film seems old, শ্রেক seems new and fresh and clever."[86] Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post gave the film five out of five stars, saying "Despite all its high-tech weirdness, it is really that most perdurable of human constructions, a tale told well and true."[87] Joe Baltake of The Sacramento Bee wrote that it "isn't so much a fractured spoof of everything Disney, but actually a Monty পাইথন flick for kids – kids of all ages".[86] Andrew Sarris of The New York Observer wrote "What gives শ্রেক its special artistic distinction is its witty and knowingly sassy dialogue, delivered দ্বারা vocally charismatic performers whose voices remind us of their stellar screen personae in live-action movies."[88] Lisa Alspector of the Chicago Reader wrote "This romantic ফ্যান্টাসি complicates the roles of beauty and beast, making it hard to guess what form a sensitive resolution will take."[89] Joe Morgenstern of The দেওয়াল রাস্তা Journal wrote "The charms of Shrek, which is based on the children's book দ্বারা William Steig, go far beyond in-jokes for adults."[90] John Zebrowski of The Seattle Times gave the film three out of four stars, saying "The movie is helped immensely দ্বারা its cast, who carry it through some of the early, sluggish scenes. But this is Murphy's movie. Donkey gets most of the good lines, and Murphy hits every one."[91]
A mixed review came from Mark Caro of the Chicago Tribune, who gave the film two and a half stars out of four and compared the film to Toy Story 2, saying it "had a higher in-jokes/laughs ratio without straining to demonstrate its hipness অথবা to evoke heartfelt emotions."[92] On the আরো negative side, Michael Atkinson of The Village Voice ব্যক্ত he was "desperately avoiding the risk of even a half-second of boredom", and ব্যক্ত "the movie is wall-to-window-to-door noise, babbling, and jokes (the first মিনিট sees the first fart gag), and demographically it's a hard-sell shotgun spray."[93] Christy Lemire of the Associated Press described শ্রেক as a "90-minute onslaught of in-jokes", and ব্যক্ত while it "strives to have a heart" with "a message about beauty coming from within", "somehow [the message] rings hollow."[86] Anthony Lane of The New Yorker said, despite the film "cunning the rendering of surfaces, there's still something flat and charmless in the digital look, and most of the pleasure rises not from the main romance but from the quick, incidental gags."[94]
Box office
শ্রেক opened on around 6,000 screens[95] across 3,587 theaters;[96] eleven of them showed the film digitally, made possible দ্বারা the THX Division of Lucasfilm.[97] This was the first time that DreamWorks had shown one of its films digitally.[98] The film earned $11.6 million on its first দিন and $42.3 million on its opening weekend, topping the box office for the weekend and averaging $11,805 from 3,587 theaters.[99] In its সেকেন্ড weekend, due to the Memorial দিন Weekend holiday, the film gained 0.3 percent to $42.5 million and $55.2 million over the four-day weekend, resulting in an সামগ্রিক 30 percent gain.[100] Despite this, the film finished in সেকেন্ড place behind Pearl Harbor and had an average of $15,240 from expanding to 3,623 sites.[100] In its third weekend, the film retreated 34 percent to $28.2 million for a $7,695 average from expanding to 3,661 theaters.[101] The film closed on December 6, 2001, after grossing $267.7 million domestically, along with $216.7 million overseas, for a worldwide total of $484.4 million.[5] Produced on a $60 million budget, the film was a huge box office smash and is the fourth highest-grossing film of 2001 behind Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, and Monsters, Inc..[5] The film sold an estimated 47,290,600 tickets in North America.[102]
শ্রেক became the highest-grossing animated film ever to be released in Australia, passing the mark set দ্বারা The Lion King in 1994.[103] In the United Kingdom, শ্রেক regained the শীর্ষ spot at the British box office after being beaten out the পূর্ববর্তি week দ্বারা Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, earning a $20.3 million since its opening in the UK.[104]
Accolades
At the 74th Academy Awards, শ্রেক won the first ever Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, beating Monsters, Inc. and Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius.[105] Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Prince Charming? So last millennium. This decade, fairy-tale অনুরাগী – and Princess Fiona – fell for a fat and flatulent Ogre. Now, that's progress."[106] It was nominated for The Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical অথবা Comedy.[107]
শ্রেক was also nominated for 6 BAFTA Awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Film. Eddie Murphy became the first actor to ever receive a BAFTA nomination for a voice-over performance. The film was also nominated for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound, Best Film Music, and won the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.[108] শ্রেক was nominated for a dozen Annie Awards from ASIFA-Hollywood, and won eight Annies including Best Animated Feature and Outstanding Individual Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production.[109]
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed its "Ten শীর্ষ Ten"; the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community শ্রেক was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the animated genre, and the only non-Disney·Pixar film in the শীর্ষ 10.[110][111] শ্রেক was also ranked সেকেন্ড in a Channel 4 মতামত of the "100 Greatest Family Films", losing out on the শীর্ষ spot to E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial.[112] In 2005, শ্রেক came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest কার্টুন মতামত behind The Simpsons, Tom and Jerry, South Park, Toy Story and Family Guy.[113] In November 2009, the character, Lord Farquaad, was listed No. 14 in IGN UK's "Top 15 ফ্যান্টাসি Villains".[114] In 2006, it was ranked third on Bravo's 100 funniest films list.[115] The film's শিরোনাম character was awarded his own তারকা on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2010.[116]
American Film Institute recognition:
AFI's 100 Years...100 নায়ক & Villains:
শ্রেক – Nominated Hero[110]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
I'm a Believer – Nominated[110]
AFI's 100 Years...100 চলচ্চিত্র (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[110]
AFI's 10 শীর্ষ 10 – No. 8 Animated film[110]
Festivals
শ্রেক premiered at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or,[6] making it the first animated film since Disney's Peter Pan (1953) to receive that honor.[7]
Influence
পূর্ববর্তি films and TV shows, such as Fractured Fairy Tales and The Princess Bride, have parodied the traditional fairy tale.[117] However, শ্রেক itself has noticeably influenced the current generation of mainstream animated films.[117] Particularly after শ্রেক 2, animated films began to incorporate আরো pop culture references and end-film musical numbers.[117] Such elements can be seen in films like Robots, Chicken Little and Doogal.[117] It also inspired a number of computer animated films which also spoofed fairy tales, অথবা other related story genres, often including adult-oriented humor, most of which were not nearly as successful as Shrek, such as Happily N'Ever After, Igor, and Hoodwinked![117] On November 29, 2018, YouTube channel 3GI, along with over 200 animators and content creators, released শ্রেক Retold, a scene-for-scene recreation of the original movie.[118]
Other media
See also: শ্রেক the Musical
Several video game adaptations of the film have been published on various game console platforms, including শ্রেক (2001), Shrek: Hassle at the দুর্গ (2002), Shrek: Extra Large (2002), Shrek: Super Party (2002) and শ্রেক SuperSlam (2005).[119] শ্রেক was also included as a bonus unlockable character in the video game Tony Hawk's Underground 2 (2004).[120]
In 2003, Dark Horse Comics released a three-issue mini-series comic book adaptation of শ্রেক which was written দ্বারা Mark Evanier, and the issues were later compiled into a trade paperback.[121]
A musical version, based on the film, with সঙ্গীত দ্বারা Jeanine Tesori and a book and lyrics দ্বারা David Lindsay-Abaire, opened on Broadway on December 14, 2008, and closed January 3, 2010, running for a total of 441 performances.[122] It starred Brian d'Arcy James in the শিরোনাম role, Sutton Foster as Princess Fiona, Christopher Sieber as Lord Farquaad, Daniel Breaker as Donkey, and John Tartaglia as Pinocchio.[122] The Broadway production was recorded and released on DVD, Blu-ray and digital media.[123][124][125] A North American Tour opened July 25, 2010, in Chicago.[122] A লন্ডন production opened in the West End on June 7, 2011.[126] The musical received many Tony Award nominations and won the 2009 Tony Award for Best Costume Design. It received five Laurence Olivier Award nominations including Best New Musical.[127]
A shot-for-shot অনুরাগী remake titled শ্রেক Retold was released through 3GI Industries on November 29, 2018. The project was a collaboration of 200 filmmakers and mixes live action, hand drawn animation, Flash animation, CGI and various other art forms to recreate the film. The film is available on YouTube for free.[128][129]
Sequels and spin-offs
Main article: শ্রেক (franchise)
শ্রেক has three sequels: শ্রেক 2 (2004), শ্রেক the Third (2007), and শ্রেক Forever After (2010). Although শ্রেক 2 received similar acclaim from critics,[130] the following two চলচ্চিত্র after received some mixed reviews.[131][132] They were, however, still box office hits.[133][134] There were also two holiday specials entitled শ্রেক the Halls and Scared Shrekless, a spin-off Puss in Boots (a prequel to the শ্রেক series, exploring the origins of Puss in Boots, a character in the শ্রেক sequels), and several shorts.[135] A fifth feature film was also planned for release, but was later cancelled in 2009, after it was decided that শ্রেক Forever After (originally titled শ্রেক Goes Fourth) was to be the last film in the series.[135] However, in July 2016, the fifth film was announced and is set for release in 2019.[136] On November 6, 2018, it was reported দ্বারা Variety that Chris Meledandri had been tasked to reboot both শ্রেক and Puss in Boots, with the original cast potentially returning
